What is zone of proximal development nedir?

Zone of proximal development (ZPD) is a term introduced by Lev Vygotsky, a Soviet psychologist, to explain the gap between what a learner can do without assistance and what they can learn with guidance and support. It refers to the difference between a learner's current level of development and their potential level of development with the help of a more capable partner or teacher. The ZPD is often described as the sweet spot for learning, where the instruction is not too easy or too difficult but challenging enough for the learner to acquire new skills and knowledge with guidance.

The ZPD is different for each learner and can change over time. It is influenced by personal interests, motivation, cultural background, and previous knowledge and experience. The ZPD is important in educational practice as it provides a framework for designing instruction that is appropriate for a learner's developmental level.

Vygotsky believed that learning is a social activity, and the ZPD implies the necessity for social interactions and collaboration in the learning process. By working together with others, learners can acquire new knowledge and skills that they may not have been able to achieve alone. Moreover, collaboration and social interaction can enhance motivation, cognitive development, and critical thinking, leading to deeper and more meaningful learning.